Stage V: 13-18 years old, genital, mature sexual feelings: The child's ego becomes fully developed during this stage, and they are subsequently seeking their independence. Dysfunction at this stage results in the child's inability to form healthy relationships as an adult. The child now begins to act on their impulses indirectly by focusing on activities such as school, sports, and building relationships. Freud did not identify any erogenous zone for this stage. Stage IV: 6 - 12 years old, latency, dormant sexual feelings: During this time, the libido is relatively repressed or sublimated. In this period of primitive sexual development, the child can establish the roots of fixation with the opposite sex parent, the Oedipus complex. This is the stage in which the child begins to experience pleasure associated with their genitalia. Stage III: 3-6 years old, phallic, genitalia: This is perhaps the most controversial stage of Freud's psychosexual development. Fixation at this stage can manifest in anal retentiveness (incessant orderliness) or anal expulsiveness (whimsical disorganization). The child faces increased chances to be reprimanded, to feel inadequate, and an increased ability to perceive a negative evaluation from a caretaker if he fails to perform appropriately. The parents' desire for adequate performance shifts the libidinal energy from the oral to the anal area. Stage II: 1-3 years old, anal, bowel, and bladder: Toilet training is an especially sensitive task during this period. If the optimal amount of stimulation is not available, libidinal energy fixates on the oral mode of gratification, resulting in subsequent latent aggressive or passive tendencies. The earliest attachment of a baby is to the one that provides gratification to his oral needs, usually his mother. Stage I: 0-1 year, oral, mouth: Oral desire is the center of pleasure for the newborn baby. Each of the five stages of Freudian psychosexual development theory is associated with a corresponding age range, erogenous body part, and clinical consequence of fixation.
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